Simultaneous read and write data transfer

ABSTRACT

A controller for an arrangement of memory devices may issue a write command without waiting for the receipt of a previously issued read command. An addressed memory device may read data out onto the data bus according to a read command while, simultaneously, writing data according to a write command received subsequent to the read command.

FIELD

The present application relates generally to a controller and a set ofcontrolled memory devices and, more specifically, to adapting thecontroller and the memory devices to handle simultaneous read and writedata transfer operations.

BACKGROUND

In a typical electronic memory arrangement, reading from and writing toseveral memory devices is organized by a controller. Double-data-ratesynchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM) is an example ofsuch an arrangement. For a write operation, the controller indicates, ona command bus, a write command, and indicates, on an address bus, alocation on the particular memory device at which the data is to bestored, and then transmits data to be written to the memory on a databus. For a read operation, the controller indicates, on the command bus,a read command, and indicates, on an address bus, a location on theparticular memory device from which the data is to be read. The memorydevice responds to the read command and address by transmitting therequested read data on the data bus.

In contrast, in an alternative electronic memory arrangement, memorydevices are arranged in a ring or loop. Rather than a data bus, there isa data connection between a controller and an initial memory device inthe ring. The data connection may, for example, be a multibit bus. Adata signal received at the initial memory device on the data connectionis passed on to a second memory device on an other data connection and adata signal received at the second memory device on the other dataconnection is passed on to a third memory device on a further dataconnection, etc. Thus, the data signal propagates around the ring untilthe data signal is returned to the controller. In addition to the datasignal propagating through the ring, there are additional signals alsopropagating through the ring: a Command Strobe signal; and a Data Strobesignal.

For a write operation, the controller causes the Command Strobe signalto transition from “0” to “1” to indicate the start of a packet.Simultaneously, the controller starts to transmit, on the dataconnection, a write packet that includes: a write command indicating aparticular memory device and address to which data is to be writtenfollowed by the data that is to be written. The controller then causesthe Command Strobe signal to transition from “1” to “0” to indicate theend of the write packet.

For a read operation, the controller causes the Command Strobe signal totransition from “0” to “1” to indicate the start of a packet.Simultaneously, the controller starts to transmit, on the dataconnection, a read command packet that includes: a read commandindicating a particular memory device and address from which the data isto be read. The controller then causes the Command Strobe signal totransition from “1” to “0” to indicate the end of the read commandpacket. Subsequently, the controller causes the Data Strobe signal totransition from “0” to “1” to indicate, to the particular memory device,that the requested read data is be transmitted on the data connection.

In the ring arrangement, the read command primes a memory device for aread data transfer. The length of a read is arbitrary and interruptiblesince the end of the read data transfer operation is determined by atransition of the Data Strobe signal from “1” to “0”. Similarly, thelength of a write is arbitrary and interruptible since the end of thewrite data transfer operation is determined by a transition of theCommand Strobe signal from “1” to “0”.

As discussed, when memory devices are arranged in a ring, packetsoriginate at a controller and flow unidirectionally through a ring ofmemory devices and back to the controller. Different configurations arepossible based on either distributing a clock in parallel or sourcingthe clock synchronously along with the data and strobes. The secondconfiguration has a potentially higher pin overhead than the firstconfiguration based on extra differential clock output pins on thememory devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the drawings, which show by way ofexample, embodiments of the invention, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a ring arrangement of memory devices configured forparallel clock distribution;

FIG. 2 illustrates a ring arrangement of memory devices configured forsource synchronous clock distribution;

FIG. 3 illustrates a timing diagram for write command and write datatiming for the arrangement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 illustrates a timing diagram for read command timing for thearrangement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 illustrates, in table format, an example command set for thearrangement of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a timing diagram for successive transmission of aread command and a write command.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

As a preliminary note, “#” as used herein means inverse. As an example,CLK# is the inverse of CLK.

Continuing on, in accordance with some example embodiments, a memorycontroller may increase efficiency and bus utilization of controlledmemory devices connected in a ring by arranging simultaneous transfer ofread data from a memory device and transfer of write data to anothermemory device for those situations for which the memory device addressedby the read command is downstream of or the same as the memory deviceaddressed by the write command.

In accordance with an example embodiment, there is provided, at acontroller, a method of issuing commands at a memory device controllerfor controlling a plurality of memory devices connected in a ringarrangement such that output from a given memory device in the pluralityof memory devices is received as input by one next downstream memorydevice in the plurality of memory devices, the memory device controllerarranged so that an initial memory device in the plurality of memorydevices receives output from the controller as input and a final memorydevice in the plurality of memory devices provides output as input tothe controller. The method includes transmitting a read command, theread command addressing a first memory device among the plurality ofmemory devices, transmitting a write command, the write commandaddressing a second memory device among the plurality of memory devices,the second memory device being upstream of the first memory device andarranging transfer of read data from the first memory device to occur atleast substantially simultaneously with receipt of the write data at thesecond memory device. In other example embodiments, a memory devicecontroller is provided for carrying out this method, a memory system isprovided that includes a memory device controller for carrying out thismethod and a computer readable medium is provided for adapting a memorydevice controller to carry out this method.

In accordance with a further example embodiment, there is provided, amethod of issuing commands at a memory device controller for controllinga plurality of memory devices connected in a ring arrangement such thatoutput from a given memory device in the plurality of memory devices isreceived as input by one adjacent memory device in the plurality ofmemory devices, the memory device controller arranged so that an initialmemory device in the plurality of memory devices receives output fromthe controller as input and a final memory device in the plurality ofmemory devices provides output as input to the controller. The methodincludes transmitting a read command, the read command addressing amemory device among the plurality of memory devices, transmitting awrite command followed by write data, the write command addressing thememory device and arranging transfer of read data from the memory deviceto occur simultaneously at least substantially with receipt of the writedata at the memory device.

In accordance with another example embodiment, there is provided, at amemory device in a ring arrangement, a method of handling commands. Themethod includes receiving a read command on an input port, subsequent tothe receiving the read command, receiving a write command followed bywrite data on said input port and transmitting read data on an outputport according to the read command while, at least substantiallysimultaneously, receiving at least a portion of the write data on saidinput port. In other example embodiments, a memory device is providedfor carrying out this method.

In accordance with an even further example embodiment, there is provideda computer readable medium containing computer-executable instructionsthat, when performed by a memory device controller, cause the memorydevice controller to transmit a read command, the read commandaddressing a first memory device among the plurality of memory devices,transmit a write command followed by write data, the write commandaddressing a second memory device among the plurality of memory devices,the second memory device being upstream of the first memory device andarrange transfer of read data from the first memory device to occur atleast substantially simultaneously with receipt of the write data at thesecond memory device.

Conveniently, aspects of the present application provide a memory,controller, or memory subsystem (either multidrop bus or ring topology)

In an arrangement 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, a first memory device 104A,a second memory device 104B and a third memory device 104C (collectivelyor individually 104) are in a ring or loop arrangement. Operation of thememory devices 104 for writing or reading is organized by a controller102.

The controller 102 is connected to the first memory device 104A by wayof a Command Strobe Line, a Data Strobe Line and a Data bus. The Databus may have a fixed bus width of one bit, two bits, four bits, eightbits or any other number of bits, or it may have a variable bus widthprogrammable within a range, for example between one bit and eight bits.Similarly, the first memory device 104A is connected to the secondmemory device 104B by way of a Command Strobe Line, a Data Strobe Lineand a Data bus. It follows that the second memory device 104B isconnected to the third memory device 104C by way of a Command StrobeLine, a Data Strobe Line and a Data bus. Finally, the third memorydevice 104C is connected to the controller 102 by way of a CommandStrobe Line, a Data Strobe Line and a Data bus. The controller 102 isalso connected to each of the memory devices 104, in parallel, by aReset line, a Chip Enable line, a Clock line and an inverse Clock line.

An arrangement 200 of memory devices illustrated in FIG. 2 differs fromthe arrangement 100 of FIG. 1 in that the clock signal (and the inverseof the clock signal) is distributed source synchronously with thestrobes and data bus in the arrangement 200 of FIG. 2, whereas the clocksignal (and the inverse of the clock signal) is distributed in aparallel manner in the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1.

In the arrangement 200 of FIG. 2, a controller 202 is connected to afirst memory device 204A by way of a Command Strobe Line, a Data StrobeLine, a Data bus, a Clock line and an inverse Clock line. Similarly, thefirst memory device 204A is connected to a second memory device 204B byway of a Command Strobe Line, a Data Strobe Line, a Data bus, a Clockline and an inverse Clock line. It follows that the second memory device204B is connected to a third memory device 204C by way of a CommandStrobe Line, a Data Strobe Line, a Data bus, a Clock line and an inverseClock line. Finally, the third memory device 204C is connected to thecontroller 202 by way of a Command Strobe Line, a Data Strobe Line, aData bus, a Clock line and an inverse Clock line. The controller 202 isalso connected to each of the memory devices 204, in parallel, by aReset line, a Chip Enable line and a reference voltage line.

In a timing diagram 300 in FIG. 3, command and write data packet timingis illustrated for the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1. Inputs to an nth(generic) memory device 104 on the Data bus (that is possibly multibit)may be representative of a command, representative of data,representative of a target device address, or representative of anaddress within the memory device 104. A memory device 104 may capture(for example, shift in to registers) inputs on the Data bus on thecrossing of the signal on the Clock line (CK) with the signal on theinverse Clock line (CK#) when the signal on the Chip Enable (CE#) lineis at a logical LOW and the signal on the Command Strobe line (receivedat the CSI pin) is at a logical HIGH.

The timing diagram 300 of FIG. 3 illustrates timing of receipt, at thenth memory device 104, of a write command and a write data packet. Thefirst three clock transitions during the period of time CSI is HIGHcorresponds to the write command portion of the packet. The three words,which may, for example, be eight bit words, may represent a deviceaddress word, an instruction word and an address word. The deviceaddress word may indicate the memory device 104 in the ring to which thecommand is directed. The instruction word may indicate an instruction,in this case, a write instruction. The address word may indicate anaddress within the memory device 104 to which data is to be written. Thenext three clock transitions during the remainder of the time CSI isHIGH correspond to the write data portion of the packet, providing threedata words to be written. In this example the device address wordcorresponds to the device receiving the packet. Note that the write datapacket is not present at the output data bus (Qn). Truncation of thewrite data packet, by the memory device 104, saves power by eliminatingunnecessary transitions on the memory devices 104 in the ringarrangement 100 following the addressed memory device 104. The memorydevice 104 also truncates the command strobe signal on CSOn tocorrespond with the output at the output data bus (Qn). Truncation ofthe write data packet allows a memory device 104 further down the ringto output read data onto the ring. If the write command and write datapacket are not addressed to the memory device 104 receiving the packet,the device will not truncate the write data portion. There is a fixedlatency between the time the packet is received at the input the deviceand retransmitted at the output of the device, in this example thelatency is one clock cycle.

The controller 102 may wait until it has received the issued writecommand from the final memory device in the ring before issuing a newcommand, or it may issue a new command earlier as long as there is aminimum separation between command packets, regardless of whether thenew command is a read or a write.

In a timing diagram 400 in FIG. 4, read data packet timing isillustrated for the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1. Data on the Data bus maybe synchronously shifted out at the crossing of the signal on the Clockline (CK) with the signal on the inverse Clock line (CK#) when thesignal on the Chip Enable (CE#) line is at a logical LOW and the signalon the Data Strobe line (received at the DSI pin) is at a logical HIGH.There is a fixed latency in the memory from the time the logical HIGH onthe DSI pin is received and when a logical HIGH on the DSO pin and theaccompanying read data are output.

For a read operation, the controller 102 first sends a read command toan addressed memory device 104. Like the write command, the read commandis delineated by the CSI strobe. The read command primes the addressedmemory device 104. At a later time, the controller sends a DSI strobe toindicate when read data should be transmitted from the primed device tothe next memory device 104 on the ring. A device that is not primed willtransparently pass data received at the data bus inputs during the DSIHIGH period to the data bus outputs. In accordance with some examples,only one memory device 104 on the ring can be primed at any time inconnection with a normal read command; however in the special case of abroadcast status read command (discussed subsequently) multiple memorydevice may be primed. Also, a device remains primed until a read commandis sent to a different device or an abort command is sent. Therefore, amemory device can remain primed for any number of read bursts.

Typically, the controller 102 waits until the controller 102 hasreceived the issued read command (and read data) from the final memorydevice in the ring before issuing a new command, or it may issue a newcommand earlier as long as there is a minimum separation between commandpackets, regardless of whether the new command is a read or a write.

In accordance with some examples there is a special case called a“broadcast status register read command”, and in such a case all of thememory devices 104 in the ring are primed. Each memory device 104appends status register data to the end of a received read data packetand extends the DSO strobe to encompass the appended data. Memorydevices 104 automatically un-prime themselves after appending statusregister data. When normal read commands are issued in sequence tovarious memory devices 104 on the ring, one memory device 104 willalways be primed. After a broadcast status read command is issued andthe DSI strobe is sent to transfer status information from each memorydevice 104 to the controller 102, each memory device 104 will beun-primed and there will be no memory devices 104 on the on the ringthat will respond to the DSI strobe.

An example command set for the memory device arrangement 100 of FIG. 1is illustrated, in table format, in FIG. 5. Notably, in the OperationCode column, X=0h when the operation is to be performed on memory bank 0and X=1h when the operation is to be performed on memory bank 1, etc.Furthermore, the “Write Link Configuration Register” command has aDevice Address of FFh because the command is a “broadcasting only”command.

In overview, it is proposed herein that, under a predetermined set ofcircumstances, the controller 102 (to use the memory device arrangement100 of FIG. 1) may issue a write command thereby arranging the transferof write data without waiting for the completion of the read datatransfer corresponding to a previously issued read command. An addressedmemory device 104 may read data out onto the data bus according to aread command while, simultaneously, the same or another upstream memorydevice 104 writes data according to a write command received subsequentto the read command.

Execution of a read operation simultaneously with a write operation ispossible if the memory device 104 executing the write operation isupstream of the memory device 104 executing the read operation, or ifthe same device 104 executes both the read and write operation. If readcommands and write commands are directed towards random device addresseswithin a ring topology, it may be shown that a simultaneous read datatransfer and write data transfer may be scheduled more than 50% of thetime.

A controller that reschedules transactions may achieve a higherpercentage. For example, if the controller 102 receives a read requestand a write request at the same time, the requests are directed torandom device addresses and there are a large number of devices in thering, there is a roughly 50% probability that the controller 102 will beable to arrange a read data transfer to occur simultaneous with a writedata transfer.

Upon determining that, based on the addresses referenced in therequests, simultaneous read and write transfer may not be arranged, thecontroller 102 can, for example, hold the write request in a queue untilthe controller 102 receives a read request addressed to a memory device104 downstream of the memory device 104 addressed in the write request.Then, the controller 102 will be able to arrange a read data transfer tooccur simultaneous with a write data transfer. With infinite queuedepth, simultaneous read and write data transfer may be arranged tooccur nearly 100% of the time.

Such simultaneous read and write data transfer in a ring topology may beshown to significantly improve aggregate memory bandwidth over amulti-drop bus architecture, in which any attempt to transfer read andwrite data at the same time will lead to a collision.

In a memory device arrangement with only one memory device 104, a readdata transfer may be scheduled concurrently with a write data transfer,for corresponding simultaneous execution of a read operation and a writeoperation, without regard to the address.

In a memory device arrangement with two memory devices 104, a read datatransfer may be scheduled concurrently with a same-device write datatransfer at the first memory device 104 or at the second memory device104, while it is also possible for the controller 102 to arrangetransfer of read data from the second memory device 104 whiletransferring write to the first memory device 104. Therefore, withrandom addressing, the controller 102 can gain benefits fromsimultaneous read and write data transfers 75% of the time.

In general, in a memory device arrangement with N memory devices 104,simultaneous read and write data transfers are possible (N+1)/2N of thetime. For large numbers of memory devices 104, this approaches a lowerlimit of 50% of the time. If the controller 102 can store morefrequently read data towards the end of the ring, or more frequentlywritten data towards the beginning of the ring, the probability ofbenefitting from simultaneous read and write data transfers can beimproved.

FIG. 6 illustrates simultaneous read and write operations by the nthmemory device 104. The memory device 104 receives, on an input port, aread command from the controller 102, where the read command isdelineated by a signal received on a CSI port. The controller 102thereby “primes” the memory device 104 for a read data transfer. Afterthe CSI strobe goes low, a period of time defined by the memory device'scommand to command separation specification is obeyed. An examplecommand to command separation is illustrated in FIG. 6, by way ofexample, as one clock cycle. Subsequent to waiting for the duration ofthe command to command separation, the controller 102 sends a writecommand followed by a write data burst to the memory device 104. Thememory device 104 receives the write command followed by a write databurst on the input port. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the memory device 104truncates the write data burst such that the write data burst is notpresent at the addressed memory device's output port. While theaddressed memory device 104 is writing the write data burst, thecontroller 102 activates the DSI strobe to instruct the memory device104 to drive read data at its output port.

Similar operation can be achieved when transmitting a write command toany memory device 104 upstream of the memory device 104 to which a readcommand is addressed. Note that any device further downstream of thedevice receiving the write data does not have to be aware thatsimultaneous read and write data transfers are occurring. Downstreamdevices will see just the write command, the read command and, possibly,the read data along with corresponding CSI and DSI strobes. Flash memorydata transactions can be quite long. Typical NAND Flash memory pagesizes are 2 kB or 4 kB. Depending on the application, data bursts aslong as the page size may be desired. With such long data bursts, thebus overhead in providing read and write instructions will be negligibleand the ring can be shown to achieve close to 100% utilization forsimultaneous read and write operations.

As will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art, thepresent disclosure applies equally to ring arrangements with synchronousclock as it applies to ring arrangements with parallel clock, for whichthe examples are illustrated.

It will be understood that when an element is herein referred to asbeing “connected” to another element, it can be directly connected tothe other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast,when an element is herein referred to as being “directly connected” toanother element, there are no intervening elements present. Other wordsused to describe the relationship between elements should be interpretedin a like fashion (i.e., “provide” versus “directly provide”, “receive”versus “directly receive”, etc.).

The above-described embodiments of the present application are intendedto be examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may beeffected to the particular embodiments by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of the application, which is defined bythe claims appended hereto.

1. A method of issuing commands at a memory device controller forcontrolling a plurality of memory devices connected in a ringarrangement such that output from a given memory device in saidplurality of memory devices is received as input by one next downstreammemory device in said plurality of memory devices, said memory devicecontroller arranged so that an initial memory device in said pluralityof memory devices receives output from said controller as input and afinal memory device in said plurality of memory devices provides outputas input to said controller, said method comprising: transmitting a readcommand, said read command addressing a first memory device among saidplurality of memory devices; transmitting a write command followed bywrite data, said write command addressing a second memory device amongsaid plurality of memory devices, said second memory device beingupstream of said first memory device; and arranging transfer of readdata from said first memory device to occur at least substantiallysimultaneously with receipt of said write data at said second memorydevice.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting, inconjunction with said transmitting said read command, a logical highsignal on a command strobe line.
 3. The method of claim 2 furthercomprising transmitting, in conjunction with said transmitting saidwrite command followed by said write data, a logical high signal on saidcommand strobe line.
 4. The method of claim 3 further comprisingtransmitting, while transmitting said logical high signal on saidcommand strobe line in conjunction with said transmitting said writecommand, a logical high signal on a data strobe line.
 5. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising waiting a duration of a command to commandseparation time period between said transmitting said read command andsaid transmitting said write command.
 6. A memory device controller forcontrolling a plurality of memory devices connected in a ringarrangement such that output from a given memory device in saidplurality of memory devices is received as input by one next downstreammemory device in said plurality of memory devices, said memory devicecontroller arranged so that an initial memory device in said pluralityof memory devices receives output from said controller as input and afinal memory device in said plurality of memory devices provides outputas input to said controller, said controller configured to: transmit aread command, said read command addressing a first memory device amongsaid plurality of memory devices; transmit a write command followed bywrite data, said write command addressing a second memory device amongsaid plurality of memory devices, said second memory device beingupstream of said first memory device; and arrange transfer of read datafrom said first memory device to occur at least substantiallysimultaneously with receipt of said write data at said second memorydevice.
 7. A memory system comprising: a plurality of memory devicesconnected in a ring arrangement such that output from a given memorydevice in said plurality of memory devices is received as input by onenext downstream memory device in said plurality of memory devices; amemory device controller arranged so that an initial memory device insaid plurality of memory devices receives output from said controller asinput and a final memory device in said plurality of memory devicesprovides output as input to said controller, said controller configuredto: transmit a read command, said read command addressing a first memorydevice among said plurality of memory devices; transmit a write commandfollowed by write data, said write command addressing a second memorydevice among said plurality of memory devices, said second memory devicebeing upstream of said first memory device; and arrange transfer of readdata from said first memory device to occur at least substantiallysimultaneously with receipt of said write data at said second memorydevice.
 8. A method of issuing commands at a memory device controllerfor controlling a plurality of memory devices connected in a ringarrangement such that output from a given memory device in saidplurality of memory devices is received as input by one next downstreammemory device in said plurality of memory devices, said memory devicecontroller arranged so that an initial memory device in said pluralityof memory devices receives output from said controller as input and afinal memory device in said plurality of memory devices provides outputas input to said controller, said method comprising: transmitting a readcommand, said read command addressing a memory device among saidplurality of memory devices; transmitting a write command followed bywrite data, said write command addressing said memory device; andarranging transfer of read data from said memory device to occur atleast substantially simultaneously with receipt of said write data atsaid memory device.
 9. At a memory device in a ring arrangement, amethod of handling commands, said method comprising: receiving a readcommand on an input port; subsequent to said receiving said readcommand, receiving a write command followed by write data on said inputport; and transmitting read data on an output port according to saidread command while, at least substantially simultaneously, receiving atleast a portion of said write data on said input port.
 10. The method ofclaim 9 further comprising transmitting, in conjunction with saidtransmitting said read data, a logical high signal on a data strobeline.
 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising transmitting saidread command to a next memory device in said ring arrangement.
 12. Themethod of claim 11 further comprising transmitting, in conjunction withsaid transmitting said read command, a logical high signal on a commandstrobe line.
 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising transmittingsaid write command to said next memory device in said ring arrangement.14. The method of claim 13 further comprising transmitting, inconjunction with said transmitting said write command, said logical highsignal on said command strobe line.
 15. A memory device in a ringarrangement configured to: receive a read command on an input port;receive, subsequent to said receiving said read command, a write commandfollowed by write data on said input port; and transmit read data on anoutput port according to said read command while, at least substantiallysimultaneously, receiving at least a portion of said write data on saidinput port.